Tannins in feedstuffs for simple-stomached animals.

CONTENTS INTRODUCTION . . 210 CHEMISTRY O F T A N N I N S . . . 210 OCCURRENCE O F T A N N I N S . . 211 G E N E R A L . . . 211 T A N N I N S IN CEREALS A N D LEGUME SEEDS . . 213 N A T U R A L FUNCTION O F T A N N I N S . . 215 T A N N I N ANALYSIS . . 215 COLORIMETRIC METHODS . . 215 Vanillin assay . . 215 Folin Denis assay . . 216 Prussian blue assay . . 216 Acid butanol assay . . 216 P R O T E I N B I N D I N G METHODS . . 216 OTHER METHODS . . 217 NUTRITIONAL EFFECTS O F T A N N I N S . . . 218 EFFECTS O N A N I M A L P E R F O R M A N C E . . 218 EFFECTS O N FEED I N T A K E . 219 EFFECTS O N THE DIGESTIVE PROCESS . . 221 In vitro interactions of tannins with proteins and carbohydrates . . 221 Effects of tannins on the activity of digestive enzymes . . . 222 Effects of tannins on nutrient digestibility . 223 Effects of tannins on digestibility of protein and energy . . 223 Effects of tannins on vitamin and mineral nutrition . 223 Effects of tannins on the gastrointestinal mucosa . . 224 Systemic effects of tannins . 225 Defensive response towards dietary tannins . 226 TECHNOLOGICAL TREATMENTS FOR R E D U C I N G T A N N I N CONTENT OF FEEDSTUFFS . . . 221 C O N C L U D I N G REMARKS . . . 228 REFERENCES . . 230 .